PT Journal AU La Barbera, M TI Ritualni upravy zenskych pohlavnich organu v diaspore: k ucinne ochrane divek a dospivajicich SO Gender a vyzkum / Gender and Research PY 2019 BP 18 EP 38 VL 20 IS 1 DI 10.13060/25706578.2019.20.1.461 DE female genital mutilation; African women-migrants in Europe; modifications to the female body AB This article focuses on the ritual modifications of female genitalia. It compares interventions in male and female genitalia on the one hand and ritual and cosmetic female interventions on the other in order to show the double standard used in Western countries. The main goal is to call for a more complex articulation of gender at the intersection with migration status, ethnicity, and neo-colonial relations and to argue in favour of more effective ways to abandon practices that are dangerous for young girls. ER